Short Talk (7,5 mins) Australian Marine Sciences Association 2022

Population viability analysis to explore sources for demographic rescue of the imperiled East Pacific leatherback sea turtle (#419)

Anna A Ortega 1 2 , Nicola J Mitchell 2 , Philip S Miller 3 , Sean A Williamson 1 4 , George L Shillinger 1
  1. Upwell Turtles, California, USA
  2. The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  3. IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group, Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA
  4. Florida Atlantic University, Florida, USA

The East Pacific subpopulation of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) is Critically Endangered as a result of historic unsustainable egg harvest and ongoing fisheries bycatch. Despite extensive and sustained conservation efforts, the most optimistic prediction is that the subpopulation will be functionally extinct by 2080. While population viability models have suggested that the subpopulation might recover with a reduction in fisheries bycatch and improved protection of nesting beaches, complementary actions such as egg translocation and headstarting may also be needed. These complementary actions could support subpopulation recovery, even if target levels of bycatch reduction are unable to be achieved due to numerous logistical constraints. Crucially, the opportunity to implement egg translocations into the East Pacific hinges on whether any D. coriacea subpopulation outside of the East Pacific can withstand large egg harvests over at least several decades. Demographic and life history parameters for eighteen global D. coriacea stocks were sourced from the 2020 ESA Status Review for D. coriacea and inputted into stochastic population viability analysis models using Vortex software (Version 10.3.6.0). Each stock was subject to 25 years of annual harvest of 6000 eggs to simulate the level needed for egg translocations to support East Pacific subpopulation recovery. Results indicated that no stock could withstand egg harvest at these levels, but doomed nests from up to four stocks could provide an alternate source for egg translocations and headstarting actions. The success of any identified source will depend upon consideration and further research surrounding egg transportation, genetic compatibility, local adaptations, best practices for egg translocation and headstarting, cost, and sociological factors. By continuing this work to answer knowledge gaps involved in the implementation of additional ex situ conservation actions, the Eastern Pacific leatherback and other similar imperiled species may be stabilized and recovered before extirpation.